“Nine small places” refer to small schools (kindergartens), small hospitals, small shopping malls, small dining places, small hotels, small song and dance entertainment places, small Internet cafes, small beauty bathing places, small production and processing enterprises, etc. . These places generally show the characteristics of rapid development. Due to the limitation of business model and operational strength, there is insufficient investment in the construction of hardware facilities, and there are a large number of fire safety hazards. In the event of a fire, it is easy to cause fire spread, difficulty in evacuation, fire rescue and water supply difficulties. In combination with the daily work situation, I analyze the main fire safety hazards in the “Nine Small” places, and combine the characteristics of the site to talk about how to do the relevant fire protection work and fire prevention measures.

First, the main dangers of fire safety in the "nine small" places

(1) The architectural design is not standardized. Some small production and processing enterprises have the idea of “reproduction, light safety”, and do not comply with the relevant technical requirements of fire protection design specifications. The phenomenon of illegal cover is serious. The surrounding fire water sources, fire facilities and equipment are not in place. Lack of, the road is more than "nine bends and eighteen bends", large fire engines are often unable to enter, buried a time bomb for fire accidents.

(2) Concentration of personnel and difficulty in evacuation. Some small integrated shopping malls, supermarkets and bazaars. Operators often make full use of the site area, even in seemingly vast shopping malls, as well as in the use of the site area. Some of the counters only leave a gap between one or two people, and some passages can only accommodate one person. Some sell counters in the evacuation stairs or rest platforms and stairwells. At the same time, due to the restrictions of the place, a large number of goods are hoarded in trade places, and there are many people. Once a fire occurs, it often leads to difficulties in evacuation, which can easily cause casualties.

(3) There are many combustible materials and the fire spreads quickly. Some small dining places, small hotel interior decoration materials often use some combustible materials, such as wood, fiberboard, plastic panels, curtains, wallpaper, carpets, etc., and a large number of sofas, bedding, etc., so that the building's fire load is greatly increased. It is easy to catch fire in case of fire. Some modern decoration materials, thermal insulation materials, furniture, etc., use a large number of polymer chemical materials, which are extremely easy to burn and produce toxic gases after combustion, which often cause poisoning to the personnel and firefighters present.

(4) Management is not standardized and fire safety is poor. Some of the "nine small" places in the fire-fighting facilities are old and aging, and some are through civil housing renovation. Most of the interior decoration, functional division, and electrical circuit laying are arranged by the operators themselves; some "nine small" places production workshops and warehouses Raw materials, food and shelter are basically all together, belonging to a serious "three-in-one" or "all-in-one" place; some electrical lines are privately connected, the number of safety exits is insufficient or closed, and the evacuation passages are blocked and occupied. Fire, electricity, and gas do not meet fire safety regulations. A slight accident may cause a fire.

(5) The safety awareness is weak, and the self-defense ability is poor. Some "nine small" places have concentrated personnel and complex composition. Some people have insufficient knowledge of fire safety work, and they have a poor awareness of fire prevention and fire, often causing fires due to unintentional behavior. After a fire, it is often spread because of the above reasons. In addition, most “nine small” operators lack knowledge of fire protection laws and regulations, have not undergone fire training, and lack “four capabilities” for fire safety, especially the lack of initial fire fighting, escape common sense, self-protection and organization of personnel in the absence of fire accidents. Evacuation ability to escape. In the event of a fire accident in these places, they are often in a disorderly state, which may lead to death and injury of personnel.

Second, "nine small places" measures to prevent fires

(1) Strictly control the source. In order to conscientiously eliminate the hidden dangers of “nine small places”, we strictly control the planning, construction, business approval, and safety review of such places. For those who do not meet the fire safety, they will not be approved, and they will not be put into use. The installation, use and maintenance of electrical circuits and equipment shall strictly abide by relevant regulations. It is strictly forbidden to use flammable materials, conduct insulation inspection and inspection on all electrical circuits regularly, and replace aging damaged and poorly insulated circuits in time, without overloading.

(2) Strengthen management and implement the responsibility of “self-defense” and “main defense”. To guide the business owners of the “Nine Small” places to establish and improve the fire management system and measures, to help the “Nine Small” places to establish corresponding organizations and systems from the fire service, to implement the fire organization responsibilities, and to implement the level-by-level fire safety responsibility system and post fire protection. Safety responsibility system, clarify the responsibility of fire safety for grade-by-level and post, and determine the fire safety responsible persons at all levels and positions. At the same time, help them establish firefighting plans and conduct drills, and lay a solid foundation for the "four capabilities" of the "nine small" places.

(3) Strengthening fire prevention and publicity training. The public security fire department shall strengthen the fire prevention knowledge popularization education of the “nine small” field, and improve the on-the-job training of the duty and operation personnel of the fire safety personnel, fire safety managers and special and part-time fire management personnel and fire control rooms of the unit to improve Their fire safety legal awareness and sense of responsibility. All units or business owners should increase their efforts in fire safety education for employees so that each employee can understand the fire prevention and fire fighting knowledge of this position and consciously do a good job in fire protection. Conduct regular fire service training to master the methods of fighting initial fires and evacuating personnel.

(4) Strengthen supervision and inspection. In response to the large-scale characteristics of the "nine small places", the police station was fully exerted and the fire safety inspection of the "nine small places" was strengthened. Key inspections: Whether evacuation channels, safety exits remain unblocked, whether there are any problems with blockage or locking; whether the storage of goods in the place meets the specified requirements, whether there are problems in storing inflammable and explosive chemicals; whether the fire-fighting facilities are in good condition, Fire automatic alarm, automatic fire extinguishing, fire shutter, fire door, fire hydrant and fire extinguisher, smoke control facilities, etc. are carefully managed and regularly inspected according to relevant regulations. If there are hidden dangers, they should be rectified according to law. If serious consequences are caused, the legal responsibilities of the relevant personnel must be investigated according to law, the investigation and punishment should be strengthened, and a good public opinion atmosphere should be created to ensure the fire safety of the “nine small places”.